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string substr
(string string, int start, int [
length
]);
Substr returns the portion of string specified by the start and length parameters.
If start is positive, the returned string will start at the start 'th character of string . Examples:
$rest = substr("abcdef", 1); // returns "bcdef"
$rest = substr("abcdef", 1, 3); // returns "bcd"
If start is negative, the returned string will start at the start 'th character from the end of string . Examples:
$rest = substr("abcdef", -1); // returns "f"
$rest = substr("abcdef", -2); // returns "ef"
$rest = substr("abcdef", -3, 1); // returns "d"
If length is given and is positive, the string returned will end length characters from start . If this would result in a string with negative length (because the start is past the end of the string), then the returned string will contain the single character at start .
If length is given and is negative, the string returned will end length characters from the end of string . If this would result in a string with negative length, then the returned string will contain the single character at start . Examples:
$rest = substr("abcdef", -1, -1); // returns "bcde"